Winter Warning: Tips for Preventing Frostbite and Hypothermia

Before you head out for a day-long excursion in seriously cold weather, take the following steps to avoid frostbite and hypothermia.

Stay Warm and Dry With Layers of Clothing

Wear clothing in layers. The number of layers will vary according to the temperature and thickness of the layers.

It is just as important to stay dry as it is to stay warm, including keeping sweat away from your skin. Adjust layers as needed and bring extra clothes to change into if they become wet, especially from sweat.

Cover Up

Cover your head, face, and neck with a hat (or hood) and scarf or a balaclava. Since mittens are warmer, but gloves allow more use of your fingers, try wearing lightweight gloves under your mittens in case you need to use your hands.

Stay Hydrated

Dehydration can contribute to hypothermia. Drink plenty of water and drinks with electrolytes if you will be active for a long period of time. Avoid drinks with alcohol and caffeine.

Eat for Heat

Your body needs food to fuel your exercise and to generate body heat, so do not head out on an empty stomach. And bring along plenty of snacks, like trail mix, energy bars, fruit, and bread.

Monitor Your Energy

Fatigue can contribute to hypothermia, so be aware of your energy level and plan the length of your excursion accordingly. Rest when necessary and cut the outing short if you are uncertain about your stamina.

Bring a Buddy

A friend can help you if you get tired and keep an eye on your face, cheeks, and ears for signs of frostbite. Do periodic checks for cold, wet, and numb areas, especially your face, feet, and hands.

Choose Your Days Wisely

Temperatures below freezing (32°F or 0°C) and slightly higher temperatures accompanied by wind chill effects are risk factors for hypothermia and frostbite. Keep an eye on weather forecasts and plan your outdoor activities for the relatively warmer days without snow or rain.

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